~ ALCOHOL      old eng ALKOHOL
~ ALCOHOLISM   for roots see> ALKALI
^u             also see> ETHANOL
  id+ | hx> ANTIMONY POWDER |
  id+ | AQUA VITAE | or
  id+ | FIRE WATER | or
  id+ | LIFE WATER | sug> SPIRIT
  id+ | FUEL |
  id+ | SOCIAL LUBRICANT |
  hx> Arabian word that signifies ANTIMONY
      a powder dissolved in ALCOHOL
  for use as a COSMETIC to DARKEN EYEBROWS
  hx> ARABS LEARNED HOW TO DISTILL
      ALCOHOL from FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
  the DESTILLED extract was called
  see> SPIRIT or
  ukr  SPIRT   = ALCOHOL
  eng  SPIRITS   ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
  hx>            ALCOHOL BURNS as in
                 "FIRE WATER"
  eng  SPIRITOUS BEVERAGES include
       BRANDY    GIN
       RUM       WHISKEY
       COGNAC    PISCO etc
  hx>           "FIRE WATER" in SLAVIC is
  ukr  HORILKA   VODKA
       HORIT     FIRE  BURNING
       HORE      AGONY
  hx>            ALCOHOL IS AS CLEAR AS WATER
  ukr  VODA      WATER
  rus  VODKA     idem
  gr   KRAIPALE  DRUNKEN
  lat  CRAPULA   WHO EATS and DRINKS in EXCESS
  sp   CRAPULA   LIBERTINE
  hx>  THE PURPOSE OF DESTILLATION OF
       LIQUOURS FROM VINOUS FERMENTATION
  IS TO SEPARATE ALCOHOL FROM WATER
  note THE KEY ALCOHOL REFERED TO ABOVE
       AND BELOW IS ETHYL ALCOHOL or ETHANOL
  note NATURAL FERMENTED LIQUORS CONTAIN
       IN ADDITION TO ETHANOL
  A LARGE ADMIXTURE OF OTHER
  FERMENTATIONN DERIVATIVES
  med> EXTRACTS CONTAINING HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS
       OF ALCOHOL ARE MORE TOXIC and cause
  EBRIETY VOMITING SLEEP COMA and DEATH
  CHRONIC USE CAN CAUSE LIVER DEGENERATION or
  CYRRHOSIS AND ENCEPHALOPATHY or BRAIN DAMAGE
  for the UNBORN and DEVELOPING CHILD
  ALCOHOL IS A see> TERATOGEN or a cause of
  see> BIRTH DEFECTS
  FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME or FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS
  CONCERN MOSTLY THE DEVELOPING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  PLUS CARDIAC OCULAR AND OTHER MALFORMATIONS
  THE SCOPE AND ARRAY OF WHICH DIFFER IN RELATION TO
  THE DOSE TIMING AND INTENSITY OF ALCOHOL EXPOSURE
  MANY EXPERTS BELIEVE THAT BINGE or EBRIETY
  IS MORE DAMAGING TO THE FETUS THAN
  CHRONIC LOW DOSE EXPOSURE
  hx> ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES FROM FERMENTATION OF
      CARBOHYDRATES or SUGARS SUCH AS THOSE IN
  GRAPE JUICE USED FOR PRODUCING WINES HAVE
  RELATIVELY LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF ALCOHOL
  the ancients CONSUMED WINE AS
  AN COMPLEMENT TO MEALS AND THE INTENT
  WAS NOT TO BECOME INEBRIATED
  TO AVOID EBRIETY WINE WAS DILUTED BY WATER
  hx> NORTHERN EUROPE WHERE GRAPES AND WINE
      WERE LESS PREVALENT
  PERFECTED THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF
  PURIFIED SPIRITS or "SPIRITOUS LIQUORS"
  THE INTRODUCTION OF CHEAP GIN
  see> GENEVA or GINEBRA
  CORRELATED WITH EMERGENCE OF
  EPIDEMICS OF ALCOHOLISM
  IN ENGLAND HOLLAND AND ELSWHERE
  EPIDEMIC ALCOHOLISM SPREAD TO THE
  RUSSIAN EMPIRE WHERE VODKA TO THIS DAY
  IS A NATIONAL DRINK AND SOCIAL PROBLEM
  med> IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
       INVESTIGATIONS SHOW THAT
  THE GREATER THE PER CAPITA ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
  THE GREATER IS THE PER CAPITA MURDER RATE
  hx> EUROPEANS PROVIDED ALCOHOL TO
      NATIVE AMERICAN POPULATIONS AS A WAY TO
  UNDERMINE THEIR SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH
  hx> INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION
      GENERATED A DEMAND FOR RAW MATERIALS
  MAINLY MOLASSES WHICH STIMULATED
  THE CREATION OF SUGAR PLANTATIONS AND IN TURN
  THE USE OF AFRICAN SLAVE LABOR
  hx> PRODUCTION AND MERCHANDIZING OF
      ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS or "LIQUORS" BECAME
  A HIGHLY PROFITABLE OCCUPATION WORTH OF
  PROTECTION BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS WITH STATES
  AS PER OLIGOPOLIES SANCTIONED BY GOVERNMENTS
  MERCENARY INTERESTS FACILITATED MASS MARKETING
  AND INTRODUCTION OF TERMS NEGATING
  THE TOXIC IMPACT OF ALCOHOL
  note TERMS LIKE "CORDIALS" and the array of
       names for "COCKTAIL"
  med> ALCOHOL IN SMALL DOSES IS A SEDATIVE
       MODERN INVESTIGATIONS REVEAL THAT
  CONSUMPTION OF MODEST AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL
  MAY HAVE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST
  CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
  hx> ALCOHOL ABUSE and MASSIVE ALCOHOLISM
      FOLLOWED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
  INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF CHEAP ALCOHOL
  referred to as "LIQUOR" or "SPRIRITS"
  BOURBON BECAME POPULAR IN THE UNITED STATES
  THEN REFERED TO BY MANY AS THE "ALCOHOLIC REPUBLIC"
  GIN ADDICTION DEVASTATED ENGLAND AND NORTHERN EUROPE
  RUM IMPACTED TROPICAL POPULATIONS IN AMERICA
  VODKA HAD AND CONTINUES TO HAVE
  DEVASTATING EFFECTS ON ALL SOCIAL CLASSES
  OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
  in contrast MEDITERRANEAN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
  CONTINUED TO CONSUME WINE AND EXPERIENCED
  LESSER SOCIAL DEGRADATIONS DUE TO ALCOHOLISM
  med> ALCOHOLISM IMPLIES AN
       ABNORMAL USE and ABUSE OF ALCOHOL
  NEGATIVELY IMPACTING PHYSICAL and
  MENTAL HEALTH and INCLUDES
  ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE as per
  INCREASED TOLERANCE and
  WITHDROWAL SYMPTOMS
  note KORSAKOFF SYNDROME or DEMENTIA
       also called
  KORSAKOFF AMNESIA is linked to
  DEFICIENCY of THYAMINE and
  other MICRONUTRIENTS RESULTING FROM
  MALNUTRITION COMMON AMONG ALCOHOLICS
  WHO DEVELOP ANTEROGRADE AND RETROGRADE
  AMNESIA and POLYNEURITIS
  sc> ETHYL ALCOHOL or ETHANOL IS
      A WATER SOLUBLE LIQUID
  WITH NUTRIENT PLUS INTOXICANT PROPERTIES
  OBTAINED FROM DISTILLATION OF GRAIN MIXTURES
  FERMENTED BY YEAST AND
  CONSUMED IN VAST QUANTITIES AS
  A COMPANION OF FOOD
  MANY TYPES OF OTHER SORTS OF
  ALCOHOLS HAVE NO NUTRITIONAL VALUE
  AND ARE TOXIC TO HUMANS
  sc> ALCOHOL IS A HYDROCARBON WITH
      ONE OR MORE HYDROXYL GROUPS
  REPLACING ONE OR MORE HYDROGEN CARBONS
  denoted as CH-OH or ALCOHOL GROUP
  METHANOL or ONE CARBON         or C2HOH
  ETHANOL  or TWO CARBON CHAIN   or C3H-C2H0H
  PROPANOL or THREE CARBON CHAIN or C3H-C2H-C2HOH
  BUTANOL  or FOUR CARBON  CHAIN or C3H-C2H-C2H-C2HOH
  longer chains are more dense or even solids
  sc> biol> med> ALCOHOL IS OXYDIZED BY
                 ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE which
  TRANSFORMS C3HOH or ALCOHOL GROUPS into
  see> ALDEHYDES
  art> or
  lit+ ALCOHOLIC CONSUMPTION IS UNIVERSAL
       as stressed by the CHOIR in
  mus> CARMINA BURANA by Carl ORFF [#] "
       {lat BIBIT or sp BEBER = to drink}
  ...
  BIBIT HERA         THE MISTRESS DRINKS  sug> BABY
  BIBIT HERUS        THE MASTER DRINKS    sug> BEVERAGE
  ...
  BIBIT CLERUS       THE CLERGYMAN DRINKS
  BIBIT ILLE         THE MAN DRINKS
  BIBIT ELLA         THE WOMAN DRINKS
  ...
  CUM ANCILLA        THE MAID DRINKS
  ...
  BIBIT ALBUS        THE WHITE MAN
  BIBIT NIGER        THE BLACK MAN DRINK
  ...
  BIBIT RUDIS        THE IGNORANT AND
  BIBIT MAGUS        THE LEARNED
  BIBIT PAUPER       THE POOR AND
  ET EGROTUS         THE SICK DRINK
  ...
  BIBIT PRESUL       THE BISHOP AND
  ET DECANUS         THE DEACON
  BIBIT ANUS         THE OLD WOMAN AND
  BIBIT MATER        THE MOTHER
  BIBIT ISTA         WOMEN DRINK AND
  BIBIT BIBIT ILLE   MEN DRINK
  ...
  {and it got worse after the introduction
    of "industrial" strength distilled alcoholic
    beverages}
  med> ETHYL ALCOHOL or ETHANOL CAN SERVE AS
       BODY FUEL IN CONRAST TO OTHER
  ALCOHOLS SUCH AS WOOD ALCOHOL or METHANOL
  WHICH ARE VERY TOXIC
  med> THE FIRST STEP OF HEPATIC ETHANOL METABOLISM
       IS THE OXYDATION BY THE LIVER
  OF ALCOHOL TO see> ALDEHYDE
  med> ALCOHOL is an important VEHICLE for MEDICATIONS
       USED to DISINFECT
  note ETHANOL IS A ADDICTIVE DRUG
  note ALCOHOLISM can be complicated by MALNUTRITION
       and result in KORSAKOFF DEMENTIA
  note ALCOHOLISM MAY INDUCE
       LIVER DEGENERATION and ITS SCARING or
       CIRRHOSIS
  note ALCOHOL IS A see> TERATOGEN and cause
       BIRTH DEFECTS
       MENTAL RETARDATION and
       OTHER MALFORMATIONS REFERED TO AS
  FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME or
  FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS
  continued see> ETHANOL   see> METHANOL

20220120 ww