~ LANGUAGE  lat LINGUA = TONGUE
            sp  LENGUA   TONGUE and LANGUAGE
  id+ | SYSTEM OF SOUNDS and SIGNALS
        DENOTING AN IDEA |
  see> CONCEPT
  sug> PARLANCE
  mote SEMIOTICS
       SEMIOLOGY
       SEMANTICS  see> SYMBOL
  more under WORD  IDEA  LEXICON and   see> MIND
  consider  LEXICAL LEMMA LEXEME       sug> LEXICON
  consider  NAME NAMING NOMENCLATURE   sug> CLUE
  id+ LANGUAGE IS A VEHICLE FOR SENTIMENTS
  sp SENTIDO    = SENSE
     SENTIMIENTO  SENSATION
  biol>  lat LINGUA IS MOSTLY A
         PREHENSILE ORGAN              sug> COMPREHEND
  med> the human TONGUE is a           sug> VERBAL
         A SPEECH ORGAN                sug> WORD
  sp  LENGUA   LANGUAGE and TONGUE     sug> PARABLE
               LINGUISTICS  SPEECH     sug> ETYMOLOGY
      IDIOMA   IDIOM implies           sug> MIND
               IDEA                    see> sug> IDEA
  ukr MOVA     LANGUAGE                sug> EMOTION
      ROZMOVA  CONVERSATION            sug>  MOTION
  sp     MODO  MODE                    sug> MEDIUM
         MUDO  MUTE  GAG  STILL        sug> SILENCE
  note CONVERGE CONVERSE leading to    sug> DISCUSS
       CONVERT VERSION or              sug> ZEALOT
       DIVERT  AVERT  EMOTE  MUTE  MOTION  sug> DEVIATE
  LANGUAGE IS AN EXPRESSION AND MODE OF COMMUNICATION
  MOST DEVELOPED IN HUMANS RELYING ON THE USE OF
  VARIOUS MOTOR ELEMENTS PARTICULARLY VOCAL SOUNDS
  OFTEN EXPANDED BY WRITTEN SIGNS WHICH MAY BECOME
  CONSOLIDATED IN A "BODY LANGUAGE" RELYING ON
  SPECIAL SIGNS OR IDEOGRAMS  ALPHABET  GRAMMAR AND
  OTHER ELEMENTS CHARACTERISTIC OF A CULTURE OF A
  GROUP OF PEOPLE
  hx> LANGUAGE IS AT THE CORE OF THE HISTORIC CULTURAL AND
      EMOTIONAL CONTINUITY AND INTEGRITY OF TRIBAL REGIONAL
  ETHNIC OR NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL HUMAN GROUPINGS
  SOME LANGUAGES ARE GROUPED INTO FAMILIES
  as in SPANISH  PORTUGUESE while other
  LANGUAGES may be CALLED A DIALECT              <sug
  more often such distinctions reflect
  POLITICAL POWER or NATIONALISM as in
  "GREAT" RUSSIAN and "LITTLE" RUSSIAN  <sug> UKRAINE
  PASSIVE AND ACTIVE REPRESSION BY "MAJORITIES" OF
  LANGUAGES SPOKEN BY "MINORITIES" CONTINUE WORLDWIDE
  note LACK OF "MINORITY" LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION IN
       MANY REGIONS WHERE SCHOOL CURRICULA  TELEVISION
  PRINTED NEWS etc IGNORING LOCAL LANGUAGES
  note "ENGLISH ONLY" IN SCHOOL CURRICULA
       ACROSS "FRENCH" LOUISIANA           sug> ANGLOPHONE
  note LANGUAGE AS A RALLYING POINT FOR    sug> FRANCOPHONE
       "SEPARATIST" MOVEMENTS              sug> QUEBEC
  lit+ A PEOPLE WITHOUT A LANGUAGE         sug> ZEAL
       ARE A PEOPLE WITHOUT A HEART        sug> ZEALOT
  note HEBREW REVIVED IN ISRAEL            sug> ZIONIST
  LANGUAGES MAY BECOME "MAIN STREAMED" or " CIVILIZED "
  or "LITERARY" or "OFFICIAL" while other languages remain
  RESTRICTED TO POPULATION POCKETS as in
  VERNACULAR  FOLK  DIALECT  PATOIS often treated with
  DISDAIN  MOCKERY which may cause CIVIL STRIFE      <slur
  AN ESSENTIAL or LANGUAGE METAMORPHOSIS OCCURS WHEN
  A LANGUAGE IS FORMALIZED    sp FORMAR =  TO CREATE  sug> INFORM
  A GOOD EXAMPLE IS PROVIDED BY RUSSIAN vs UKRAINIAN
  AFTER 100 YEARS OF "RUSSIFICATION" RUSSIAN DEVELOPED
  FROM A VILLAGE AND CHURCH TONGUE TO A FORMAL
  STATE LANGUAGE AND A VEHICLE FOR IMMORTAL LITERATURE
  UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE WAS SUPPRESSED AND SURVIVED AS A
  "MATERNAL" AND "VILLAGE" or "PEASANT" LANGUAGE UNTIL
  POETS AND WRITERS CHOSE UKRAINIAN TO EXPRESS
  UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASPIRATIONS       see> SHEVCHENKO
  note MUSIC IS ALSO A LANGUAGE        sug> POLONAISE
  note HEBREW WAS REVIVED BY ZIONISTS  <see> TCHAIKOVSKY
  lit+ " WHAT IS SPOKEN IS VOLATILE              <maxim
         WHAT IS WRITTEN ENDURES "  from lat
       " VERBA VOLANT  SCRIPTA MANENT "
  note SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGES MAY DIVERGE
       ONE EXAMPLE CONCERNS SLAVIC LANGUAGES
  WHICH WERE QUITE DIVERSE AS SPOKEN BY "THE MASSES"
  AS THE ORTHODOX CHURCH SPREAD THE CYRILIC ALPHABET
  CREATED TO ACCOMMODATE SLAVIC LANGUAGES IT ALSO
  SPREAD CHURCH SLAVONIC AND ITS ROOTS IN
  BULGARIAN WHICH ARE NOT OF SLAVIC ORIGIN
  WITH TIME CHURCH SLAVONIC BECAME INJECTED
  ACROSS SLAVIC LANGUAGES CONSISTING OF FOUR GROUPS
  EASTERN including RUSSIAN  UKRAINIAN  BELARUSSIAN
  WESTERN           POLISH  CZECH  SLOVAK
                    KASHUBINA  LUSATIAN
  SOUTHERN          SERBIAN  CROATIAN
  SOUTH EASTERN     BULGARIAN  MACEDONIAN
  biol> med> LANGUAGE AS A VERBAL SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION
             IS VIRTUALLY A UNIQUE HUMAN PROPERTY
  sc> SOUNDS AND THEIR GRAPHIC SIGNS or IDEOGRAMS or
      COMBINATION OF LETTERS or WORDS ARE CALLED SIGNIFIERS
  scholars estimated that A LANGUAGE CHANGES NEARLY
      20% PER EACH MILLENNIUM and SECULAR CHANGES or
  GLOTOCHRONOLOGY PROVIDE CLUES TO THE
  MIGRATION AND EVOLUTION OF MANKIND
  MARKERS OF LINGUISTIC EVOLUTION CORRELATE WELL
  WITH GENETIC MARKERS OF EVOLUTION
  note THE RATE OF CHANGE OF MODERN LANGUAGES IS ACCELERATING
  lit+  "STABILITY IN LANGUAGE IS ...
         RIGOR MORTIS " attr to Ernest WEEKLEY [#]
         cited by Mario PEI [#] in [55]
  note THE GROWING RATE AND INTENSITY OF COLLISIONS
       BETWEEN "ESTABLISHED" "MODERN" LANGUAGES WITH
  "VERNACULAR" or "INFORMAL" THREATEN THEIR SURVIVAL
  note COMMERCIAL INTERESTS PROMOTE AND BENEFIT FROM STRATEGIES
       THAT "SIMPLIFY AND REDUCE" THE SCOPE AND DEPTH OF LANGUAGES
  AN ECONOMY IN PROPAGATING PROPAGANDA IS ACHIEVED WHENEVER
  A MESSAGE CAN BE SIMPLIFIED TO TRANSCEND LINGUISTIC BARRIERS
  OK?
  a counterpoint can be made in favor of
  PRESERVATION OF LATIN  SLAVONIC  WELCH  BASQUE  UKRAINIAN  etc
  BECAUSE OF THE ROOTS AND VALUES FOUND IN THEM   MAINLY A
  WEALTH OF MEANINGS MYTHS AND NOTIONS THAT OTHERWISE
  WILL BE LOST    note below                     see> WORD
  myth> HADES     NAME FOR THE INVISIBLE SIB OF ZEUS
                  THE RULER OF THE UNDERWORLD WHERE OBLIVION
                  WAS OFFERED TO SOOTHE THE DEPARTED
                  FROM THEIR SORROW
  ukr   HADAI   = GUESS  as in
       ZHADAI     REMEMBER
        HADKA     PUZZLE
  ply> | HELL IN HADES IS MOSTLY AN
         INFERNO OF PUZZLING GUESSING |