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VISUAL OCULAR SIGNS
"Exophthamos" (details from "Portrait of an unknown man"), 1851 I. Khrutsky (1810-1851) Art Institute, Minsk, Belarus
Sign: unilateral right exophthalmos - perhaps large ocular globe (myopia?).
Signal: in adults, in particular, in females, thyroid orbito-pathology can cause unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos - the same is true for glaucoma (may be associated with opacification). In children, infections, neuroblastoma, and leukemia (usually associated with bilaterality) are prime considerations.
Comment: a medical history (anamnesis) is critical to define the pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of exophthalmos.
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