"Carlos II or Konig Karl II von Spanien (King Charles II of Spain)" (see details) (see related A | B | C), 1685 Juan Carreno de Miranda (1614-1685) Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

Carlos manifests the Habsburg facies (H+) much more dramatically than his parents. Furthermore, he suffered from many additional serious developmental deficits including sterility, epilepsy, alopecia, inability to chew and swallow, as well as vocalization, mental and other health limitations -  died at the age of 38 years. His inability to rule triggered a war of succession and marked the decline of Spanish power. According to a recent serious scientific analysis, his parents degree of consanguinity was at least and probably higher than between brother-sister unions (G. Alvarez et al., "The role of Inbreeding ..."  in PLoS, April 15th., 2009). The severity of his developmental anomalies presumably suggests that he inherited the H+ mutation in "double dose", one mutant gene from his father Felipe IV or Philip IV of Spain and another from his mother Mariana de Austria (see further notes in the parental companion pages).